| 古希腊雕塑 |
| 添加时间：2018/9/1 17:19:48 浏览次数： |
| 古希腊是公元前12 世纪―一公元前2 世纪希腊半岛和散布在地中海中的～些岛屿上的奴隶制城邦国家的总称。大大小小200 多个城邦国家，它们之间有频繁的文化 、贸易交往，也有频繁的战争，但当外族侵略时，它们会联合抵抗。雅典和斯巴达是其中两个最有影响的国家 。 Ancient Greece was the general name of the Greek Peninsula and the slave city-states scattered in the Mediterranean Sea from the 12th century B.C. to the 2nd century B.C. More than 200 city-states, large and small, have frequent cultural and trade exchanges and frequent wars, but when invaded by foreigners, they will unite to resist. Athens and Sparta are two of the most influential countries. 在每个城邦内部，实行着一种以公民大会为最高权力机关的奴隶制民主政治，即：城邦的管理权直接归全体自由民，而没有一个凌驾于公众（自由民）之上的统治者。这种制度赋予古希腊人思想上极大的自由，他们可以自由地讨论政治，从事哲学 、 艺术 、 自 然科学的研究等等 。 在这样自由、民主的气氛下，产生了许多直到今天仍影响着欧洲乃至整个世界的伟大哲人、科学家以及辉煌的艺术品（艺术家本人或缺记载入自由与民主赋予古希腊人类的睿智和对真善美的迫求，自由与民主使得古希腊人充分地享受生命，塑造生命。英雄神， 即是完美的人，古希腊人把宇宙间的真善美直接表现在人本身上，特别是对人体美的沤歌，成为他们的美之艺术永恒的主题。 Within each city-state, there is a kind of slavery democracy in which the Civil Assembly is the supreme organ of power, that is, the management of the city-state is directly vested in all the free people, and there is no ruler above the public (free people). This system gave the ancient Greeks great ideological freedom, they can freely discuss politics, engaged in philosophy, art, natural science research and so on. In such a free and democratic atmosphere, many great philosophers, scientists and brilliant works of art that still affect Europe and the whole world have been produced (the artist himself has not recorded the wisdom and the desire for truth, goodness and beauty that freedom and democracy gave to the ancient Greeks, and freedom and democracy made the ancient Greeks full Enjoy life and shape life. Heroes, that is, the perfect man, the ancient Greeks expressed the truth, goodness and beauty of the universe directly in themselves, especially in the beauty of the human body, which became the eternal theme of their art of beauty. 经过漫长的历史，古希腊人辉煌的艺术文化尚留给我们一些建筑雕塑作品和壁画。在这些少量的作品中，仅论其中精美绝伦的人体表现，直到今天它也是难以逾越的高峰。通过对古希腊建筑、雕塑、壁画和工艺美术品的研究可以发现，他们所遵循的艺术法则是:质朴， 合理 ， 端庄 ， 谐调 ， 而这一法则在公元前5 世纪的艺术创作中达到了完美的顶峰 。 美术史家～般将古希腊的艺术分为四个阶段 ：荷马时代、古风时代 、古典时代 、泛希腊时代。我们仅从雕塑的角度对每个时代的风格加以介绍。 After a long history, the splendid art and culture of the ancient Greeks left us some architectural sculptures and murals. Among these few works, it is an insurmountable peak even to this day in terms of its exquisite human expression. Through the study of ancient Greek architecture, sculpture, murals and arts and crafts, we can find that they followed the art principle: simple, reasonable, dignified, harmonious, and this Law reached a perfect peak in the art of the 5th century BC. Art historians generally divided ancient Greek art into four stages: Homer era, ancient style era, classical era, Pan-Greek era. We only introduce the style of each era from the perspective of sculpture. |
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